Toy-Raytracer/World.cpp

//
// Created by trotfunky on 27/05/19.
//

#include "World.h"
#include <cmath>


World::World(int w, int h, sf::Color groundColor, sf::Color ceilingColor, std::vector<BlockType> worldMap) :
	player(0,0,0), w(w), h(h), map(std::move(worldMap)),
	groundColor(groundColor), ceilingColor(ceilingColor)
{
    map.resize(w*h,BlockType::WALL);
}

int World::getW() const
{
    return w;
}

int World::getH() const
{
    return h;
}

BlockType World::getBlock(int x, int y) const
{
    return map[x + w*y];
}

BlockType World::getBlock(float x, float y) const
{
	return map[static_cast<int>(x) + w*static_cast<int>(y)];
}

void World::setBlock(BlockType block, int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
    for(int i = 0;i<height;i++)
    {
        for(int j = 0;j<width;j++)
        {
            if(x+j<w && y+i < h)
            {
                map.at((y+i)*w+x+j) = block;
            }
        }
    }
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostream, World const& world)
{
    for(int i = 0;i<world.w*world.h;i++)
    {
        if(i%world.w == 0)
        {
            ostream << std::endl;
        }
        switch(world.getBlock(i%world.w,i/world.w))
        {
            case BlockType::AIR:
            {
                if(static_cast<int>(world.player.x) == i%world.w && static_cast<int>(world.player.y) == i/world.h)
                {
                    ostream << "P";
                }
                else
                {
                    ostream << " ";
                }
                break;
            }
            case BlockType::WALL:
            {
                ostream << "W";
                break;
            }
            case BlockType::DOOR:
            {
                ostream << "D";
                break;
            }
            case BlockType::WINDOW:
            {
                ostream << "W";
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return(ostream);
}

float World::castRay(float originX, float originY, float orientation) const
{
    /*
     * Reference used for ray intersection computations :
     * https://web.archive.org/web/20220628034315/https://yunes.informatique.univ-paris-diderot.fr/wp-content/uploads/cours/INFOGRAPHIE/08-Raycasting.pdf
     * The logic is as follows :
     *  - This computes one set of point per edge crossings (horizontal/vertical)
     *  - The origin not being confined to the grid, offsets are computed to
     *    align the intersections properly
     *  - The intersections are at multiples of the tangent of the relevant
     *    angle for the axis of interest, and simply on successive edges of
     *    the grid for the other one
     *  - Depending on the orientation, signs must be taken into account
     *    to work 360°
     */
    /* Offsets to get back on the grid from the ray's origin. */
    float hOffsetX;
    float hOffsetY;
    float vOffsetX;
    float vOffsetY;

    /* Signs controlling the direction of travel. */
    float hDir;
    float vDir;
    /* Need offset for rounding in the right direction ? */
    float hRound;
    float vRound;

    float rads = orientation * deg_to_rad;
    /* Used for vertical intersections. */
    float rads_offset = (90 - orientation) * deg_to_rad;

    /* Tangents used for the different axes. */
    float hTan = tanf(rads);
    float vTan = tanf(rads_offset);

    /* Check if cos > 0 for horizontal hits formulas. */
    if (orientation < 90 || orientation > 270) {
        hOffsetX = ceilf(originY) - originY;
        hOffsetY = ceilf(originY);
        hDir = +1;
        hRound = 0;
    } else {
        hOffsetX = originY - floorf(originY);
        hOffsetY = floorf(originY);
        hDir = -1;
        hRound = -1;
    }
    hTan *= hDir;
    hOffsetX *= hTan;

    /* Check if sin > 0 for vertical hits formulas. */
    if (orientation < 180) {
        vOffsetX = ceilf(originX);
        vOffsetY = ceilf(originX) - originX;
        vDir = +1;
        vRound = 0;
    } else {
        vOffsetX = floorf(originX);
        vOffsetY = originX - floorf(originX);
        vDir = -1;
        vRound = -1;
    }
    vTan *= vDir;
    vOffsetY *= vTan;

    /*
     * Now we have all the constants and deltas to work with, cast the ray.
     * Generated points follow the formulas :
     *  - h-intersect : (originX + hOffsetX + hTan*i, hOffsetY + hDir*i)
     *  - v-intersect : (vOffsetX + vDir*i, originY + vOffsetY + vTan*i)
     */
    int i = 0;
    float hCheckX = originX + hOffsetX;
    float hCheckY = hOffsetY;
    /* Bounds + sanity check. */
    while (hCheckX >= 0 && hCheckX <= static_cast<float>(w) &&
		   hCheckY >= 0 && hCheckY <= static_cast<float>(h) && i < h) {
        if (getBlock(floorf(hCheckX), floorf(hCheckY) + hRound) == BlockType::WALL) {
            break;
        }

        hCheckX += hTan;
        hCheckY += hDir;
        i++;
    }

    i = 0;
    float vCheckX = vOffsetX;
    float vCheckY = originY + vOffsetY;

    /* Bounds + sanity check. */
    while (vCheckX >= 0 && vCheckX < static_cast<float>(w) &&
		   vCheckY >= 0 && vCheckY < static_cast<float>(h) && i < w) {
        if (getBlock(floorf(vCheckX) + vRound, floorf(vCheckY)) == BlockType::WALL) {
            break;
        }

        vCheckX += vDir;
        vCheckY += vTan;
        i++;
    }

    /*
     * We may or may not have hit something. Check which coordinates are closest
     * and use those for computing the apparent size on screen.
     */
    float hDist = sqrtf((originX - hCheckX)*(originX - hCheckX) +
                        (originY - hCheckY)*(originY - hCheckY));
    float vDist = sqrtf((originX - vCheckX)*(originX - vCheckX) +
                        (originY - vCheckY)*(originY - vCheckY));
    float finalDist = hDist > vDist ? vDist : hDist;

    /* 2 Is wall height in meters. */
    return player.focalLength*2/finalDist;
}

void World::fillColumn(sf::RenderWindow& window, unsigned int column,
					   float scale, sf::Color wallColor) const
{
	float columnHeight = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y)*scale;
	sf::RectangleShape pixelColumn(sf::Vector2f(1,columnHeight));
	pixelColumn.setPosition(static_cast<float>(column),
							(static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y)-columnHeight)/2.0f);
	pixelColumn.setFillColor(wallColor);

	window.draw(pixelColumn);
}

void World::render(sf::RenderWindow& window) const
{
	float windowX = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().x);
	float windowY = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y);
    /*
     * Draw ground and sky planes through half of the screen, as the walls
     * will get drawn over them.
     * This doesn't work if we support textures/levels.
     */
    sf::RectangleShape ground = sf::RectangleShape(sf::Vector2f(windowX,windowY/2.0f));
    ground.setFillColor(groundColor);
    ground.setPosition(0,windowY/2.0f);

    sf::RectangleShape ceiling = sf::RectangleShape(sf::Vector2f(windowX,windowY/2.0f));
    ceiling.setFillColor(ceilingColor);

    window.draw(ground);
    window.draw(ceiling);

    /*
     * Throw rays and draw walls over the ceiling and ground.
     * Only throws in the plane, which doesn't work for levels/3D.
     */
    for(unsigned int i = 0 ; i < window.getSize().x ; i++)
    {
        float deltaAngle = (player.fov/windowX) * (static_cast<float>(i)-windowX/2.0f);
        float rayAngle = player.orientation + deltaAngle;
        if (rayAngle < 0) {
            rayAngle += 360;
        } else if (rayAngle > 360) {
            rayAngle -= 360;
        }
        float obstacleScale = castRay(player.x, player.y, rayAngle)/player.sensorSize;
        fillColumn(window, i, obstacleScale);
    }
}

void World::step(const float& stepTime) {
    player.move(player.currentMoveSpeedX*stepTime,
                player.currentMoveSpeedY*stepTime);
	/* Undo last move if the player would end up in a wall. */
	if (getBlock(player.x, player.y) != BlockType::AIR) {
		player.move(-player.currentMoveSpeedX*stepTime,
					-player.currentMoveSpeedY*stepTime);
	}
    player.rotate(player.currentRotationSpeed*stepTime);
}