Toy-Raytracer/World.cpp

//
// Created by trotfunky on 27/05/19.
//

#include "World.h"
#include <cmath>

#ifdef IMGUI
#include <imgui.h>
#include <imgui-SFML.h>
#endif
#include "FrameTracing.h"

World::World(int w, int h, sf::Color groundColor, sf::Color ceilingColor, std::vector<BlockType> worldMap) :
	player(0,0,0), w(w), h(h), map(std::move(worldMap)),
	groundColor(groundColor), ceilingColor(ceilingColor)
{
	map.resize(w*h,BlockType::WALL);
}

int World::getW() const
{
	return w;
}

int World::getH() const
{
	return h;
}

void World::resizeWindow(const sf::FloatRect& resizedView) {
	sf::RectangleShape defaultRectangle(sf::Vector2f(1,2));
	defaultRectangle.setFillColor(Colors::Wall);
	renderColumns.resize(static_cast<long>(resizedView.width), defaultRectangle);
}

BlockType World::getBlock(int x, int y) const
{
	return map[x + w*y];
}

BlockType World::getBlock(float x, float y) const
{
	return map[static_cast<int>(x) + w*static_cast<int>(y)];
}

void World::setBlock(BlockType block, int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
	for(int i = 0;i<height;i++)
	{
		for(int j = 0;j<width;j++)
		{
			if(x+j<w && y+i < h)
			{
				map.at((y+i)*w+x+j) = block;
			}
		}
	}
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ostream, World const& world)
{
	for(int i = 0;i<world.w*world.h;i++)
	{
		if(i%world.w == 0)
		{
			ostream << std::endl;
		}
		switch(world.getBlock(i%world.w,i/world.w))
		{
			case BlockType::AIR:
			{
				if(static_cast<int>(world.player.x) == i%world.w && static_cast<int>(world.player.y) == i/world.h)
				{
					ostream << "P";
				}
				else
				{
					ostream << " ";
				}
				break;
			}
			case BlockType::WALL:
			{
				ostream << "W";
				break;
			}
			case BlockType::DOOR:
			{
				ostream << "D";
				break;
			}
			case BlockType::WINDOW:
			{
				ostream << "W";
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return(ostream);
}

RaycastResult World::castRay(float originX, float originY, float orientation) const
{
	/*
	 * Reference used for ray intersection computations :
	 * https://web.archive.org/web/20220628034315/https://yunes.informatique.univ-paris-diderot.fr/wp-content/uploads/cours/INFOGRAPHIE/08-Raycasting.pdf
	 * The logic is as follows :
	 *  - This computes one set of point per edge crossings (horizontal/vertical)
	 *  - The origin not being confined to the grid, offsets are computed to
	 *    align the intersections properly
	 *  - The intersections are at multiples of the tangent of the relevant
	 *    angle for the axis of interest, and simply on successive edges of
	 *    the grid for the other one
	 *  - Depending on the orientation, signs must be taken into account
	 *    to work 360°
	 *  - Those formulas consider regular axes (x→,y↑), however the world is
	 *    built around left-handed axes (x→,y↓), so the rendered world is
	 *    mirrored. This also explains some weird signs for rotations.
	 */
	FTrace_Scope;
	/* Offsets to get back on the grid from the ray's origin. */
	float hOffsetX;
	float hOffsetY;
	float vOffsetX;
	float vOffsetY;

	/* Signs controlling the direction of travel. */
	float hDir;
	float vDir;
	/* Need offset for rounding in the right direction ? */
	float hRound;
	float vRound;

	float rads = orientation * deg_to_rad;
	/* Used for vertical intersections. */
	float rads_offset = (90 - orientation) * deg_to_rad;

	/* Tangents used for the different axes. */
	float hTan = tanf(rads);
	float vTan = tanf(rads_offset);

	/* Check if cos > 0 for horizontal hits formulas. */
	if (orientation < 90 || orientation > 270) {
		hOffsetX = ceilf(originY) - originY;
		hOffsetY = ceilf(originY);
		hDir = +1;
		hRound = 0;
	} else {
		hOffsetX = originY - floorf(originY);
		hOffsetY = floorf(originY);
		hDir = -1;
		hRound = -1;
	}
	hTan *= hDir;
	hOffsetX *= hTan;

	/* Check if sin > 0 for vertical hits formulas. */
	if (orientation < 180) {
		vOffsetX = ceilf(originX);
		vOffsetY = ceilf(originX) - originX;
		vDir = 1;
		vRound = 0;
	} else {
		vOffsetX = floorf(originX);
		vOffsetY = originX - floorf(originX);
		vDir = -1;
		vRound = -1;
	}
	vTan *= vDir;
	vOffsetY *= vTan;

	/*
	 * Now we have all the constants and deltas to work with, cast the ray.
	 * Generated points follow the formulas :
	 *  - h-intersect : (originX + hOffsetX + hTan*i, hOffsetY + hDir*i)
	 *  - v-intersect : (vOffsetX + vDir*i, originY + vOffsetY + vTan*i)
	 */
	int i = 0;
	float hCheckX = originX + hOffsetX;
	float hCheckY = hOffsetY;
	BlockType hHitBlock = BlockType::AIR;
	/* Bounds + sanity check. */
	while (hCheckX >= 0 && hCheckX <= static_cast<float>(w) &&
		   hCheckY >= 0 && hCheckY <= static_cast<float>(h) && i < h) {
		hHitBlock = getBlock(floorf(hCheckX), floorf(hCheckY) + hRound);
		if (hHitBlock == BlockType::WALL) {
			break;
		}

		hCheckX += hTan;
		hCheckY += hDir;
		i++;
	}

	i = 0;
	float vCheckX = vOffsetX;
	float vCheckY = originY + vOffsetY;
	BlockType vHitBlock = BlockType::AIR;
	/* Bounds + sanity check. */
	while (vCheckX >= 0 && vCheckX < static_cast<float>(w) &&
		   vCheckY >= 0 && vCheckY < static_cast<float>(h) && i < w) {
		vHitBlock = getBlock(floorf(vCheckX) + vRound, floorf(vCheckY));
		if (vHitBlock == BlockType::WALL) {
			break;
		}

		vCheckX += vDir;
		vCheckY += vTan;
		i++;
	}

	/*
	 * We may or may not have hit something. Check which coordinates are closest
	 * and use those for computing the apparent size on screen.
	 */
	float hDist = sqrtf((originX - hCheckX)*(originX - hCheckX) +
						(originY - hCheckY)*(originY - hCheckY));
	float vDist = sqrtf((originX - vCheckX)*(originX - vCheckX) +
						(originY - vCheckY)*(originY - vCheckY));


	RaycastResult result{};
	if (hDist > vDist) {
		result.distance = vDist;
		result.hitX = vCheckX;
		result.hitY = vCheckY;
		result.hitBlock = vHitBlock;
	} else {
		result.distance = hDist;
		result.hitX = hCheckX;
		result.hitY = hCheckY;
		result.hitBlock = hHitBlock;
	}

	return result;
}

void World::fillColumn(sf::RenderWindow& window, unsigned int column,
					   float scale, sf::Color fillColor)
{
	FTrace_Scope;
	float columnHeight = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y)*scale;
	sf::RectangleShape& pixelColumn = renderColumns[column];
	if (pixelColumn.getSize().y != columnHeight) {
		pixelColumn.setSize({1, columnHeight});
		pixelColumn.setPosition(static_cast<float>(column),
								(static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y) - columnHeight) / 2.0f);
	}
	if (pixelColumn.getFillColor() != fillColor)
		pixelColumn.setFillColor(fillColor);

	window.draw(pixelColumn);
}

void World::render(sf::RenderWindow& window)
{
	FTrace_Scope;
	float windowX = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().x);
	float windowY = static_cast<float>(window.getSize().y);
	/*
	 * Draw ground and sky planes through half of the screen, as the walls
	 * will get drawn over them.
	 * This doesn't work if we support textures/levels.
	 */
	sf::RectangleShape ground = sf::RectangleShape(sf::Vector2f(windowX,windowY/2.0f));
	ground.setFillColor(groundColor);
	ground.setPosition(0,windowY/2.0f);

	sf::RectangleShape ceiling = sf::RectangleShape(sf::Vector2f(windowX,windowY/2.0f));
	ceiling.setFillColor(ceilingColor);

	window.draw(ground);
	window.draw(ceiling);

	const float worldToCamera = (player.focalLength*2)/player.sensorSize;

	/*
	 * Throw rays and draw walls over the ceiling and ground.
	 * Only throws in the plane, which doesn't work for levels/3D.
	 */
	for(unsigned int i = 0 ; i < window.getSize().x ; i++)
	{
		float deltaAngle = (player.fov/windowX) * (static_cast<float>(i)-windowX/2.0f);
		float rayAngle = player.orientation + deltaAngle;
		if (rayAngle < 0) {
			rayAngle += 360;
		} else if (rayAngle > 360) {
			rayAngle -= 360;
		}
		float obstacleScale = worldToCamera / (
				castRay(player.x, player.y, rayAngle).distance *
				cosf(deltaAngle*deg_to_rad)
				);
		/* 2 Is wall height in meters. */
		fillColumn(window, i, obstacleScale);
	}
}

void World::step(const float& stepTime) {
	FTrace_Scope;
	player.move(player.currentMoveSpeedX*stepTime,
				player.currentMoveSpeedY*stepTime);
	/* Undo last move if the player would end up in a wall. */
	if (getBlock(player.x, player.y) != BlockType::AIR) {
		player.move(-player.currentMoveSpeedX*stepTime,
					-player.currentMoveSpeedY*stepTime);
	}
	player.rotate(player.currentRotationSpeed*stepTime);

#ifdef IMGUI
	if (ImGui::Begin("MapEdit")) {
		static int blockToPlace = 1;

		/*
		 * Group all the select boxes together : makes it a big block in the
		 * Dear ImGui layout an allows adding things on the side.
		 */
		ImGui::BeginGroup();
		for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
			for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
				ImGui::PushID(x + y * w);
				if (x > 0)
					ImGui::SameLine();
				BlockType currentBlock = map[x + w * y];

				ImVec4 hoverColor;
				switch ((BlockType) blockToPlace) {
					case BlockType::WALL:
						hoverColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Wall;
						break;
					case BlockType::DOOR:
						hoverColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Door;
						break;
					case BlockType::WINDOW:
						hoverColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Window;
						break;
					default:
						/* Default header color, it seems ? */
						hoverColor = (ImVec4) ImColor(188, 120, 32);
						break;
				}
				ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered, hoverColor);

				ImVec4 blockColor;
				switch (currentBlock) {
					case BlockType::WALL:
						blockColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Wall;
						break;
					case BlockType::DOOR:
						blockColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Door;
						break;
					case BlockType::WINDOW:
						blockColor = (ImVec4) Colors::Window;
						break;
					default:
						blockColor = (ImVec4) ImColor(188, 120, 32);
						break;
				}
				ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Header, blockColor);

				if (ImGui::Selectable("", currentBlock != BlockType::AIR, 0, ImVec2(10, 10))) {
					map[x + w * y] =
							currentBlock == (BlockType) blockToPlace ? BlockType::AIR : (BlockType) blockToPlace;
				}
				ImGui::PopStyleColor(2);
				ImGui::PopID();
			}
		}
		ImGui::EndGroup();

		ImGui::SameLine();
		ImGui::BeginGroup();
		ImGui::Indent();
		ImGui::Text("Place :");
		ImGui::RadioButton("Wall", &blockToPlace, (int) BlockType::WALL);
		ImGui::RadioButton("Door", &blockToPlace, (int) BlockType::DOOR);
		ImGui::RadioButton("Window", &blockToPlace, (int) BlockType::WINDOW);
		ImGui::Unindent();
		ImGui::EndGroup();
	}
	ImGui::End();
#endif
}